What is the advantage of using historical cost on the balance sheet for property, plant and equipment? Definition of Historical Cost Historical cost is the original cost of an asset including all the necessary costs to...
What is the advantage of using historical cost on the balance sheet for property, plant and equipment? Definition of Historical Cost Historical cost is the original cost of an asset including all the necessary costs to...
Why do purchases appear as expenses on an income statement? Definition of Purchases In the context of companies that sell merchandise, the term purchases refers to the purchases of goods that are intended to be sold to...
in inventory is a component in the calculation of the Cost of Goods Sold, which is often presented on a company’s income statement. An increase in inventory will be subtracted from a company’s purchases of goods,...
Why does LIFO usually produce a lower gross profit than FIFO? Definition of LIFO LIFO (which is the acronym for Last In, First Out) is a cost flow assumption in which the most recent costs of inventory items are the...
What is inventory valuation? Definition of Inventory Valuation In the U.S., inventory valuation is the dollar amount associated with the items remaining in a company’s inventory. Generally speaking, the amount is the...
income statement as the cost of goods sold. The goods that are unsold at the end of the accounting period must be reported on the retailer’s balance sheet as inventory. Accounting for the Goods Purchased There are two...
Our Explanation of Financial Ratios includes calculations and descriptions of 15 financial ratios. As you calculate the financial ratios you will also gain a deeper understanding of a company's operations and financial...
that companies must provide. The cost of the workers’ compensation insurance is paid by the employer. Many view the cost as another fringe benefit and will include the cost in its fringe benefit rate. Hence, the cost...
too little ending inventory could be any or all of the following: Omitting some inventory items when counting the ending inventory Miscounting some inventory items Math errors occurring during the tabulation of the cost...
What is a burden rate in inventory? I assume that the burden rate in inventory refers to a manufacturer’s indirect manufacturing costs, which are also referred to as factory overhead, indirect production costs, and...
inwards is considered to be part of the cost of the items purchased. Hence, for inventory items carriage inwards will be part of the cost of the goods available, the cost of inventory, and the cost of goods sold....
What is direct labor? Definition of Direct Labor Direct labor refers to the employees and temporary staff who work directly on a manufacturer’s products. (People working in the production area, but not directly on the...
for $100, its gross profit is $20. This results in a gross profit percentage or gross margin ratio of 20% of the selling price. Therefore, when the company has sales of $50,000 it is assumed that its cost of those goods...
What is the difference between FIFO and LIFO? Difference Between FIFO and LIFO The difference between FIFO and LIFO will exist only if the unit costs of a company’s products are increasing or decreasing. U.S. companies...
Our Explanation of Bank Reconciliation will show you the needed adjustments to the balance on the bank statement and also the adjustments needed to the balance in the related general ledger account. A comprehensive...
What is a LIFO Reserve? Definition of LIFO Reserve The LIFO reserve is a contra inventory account that indicates the difference between the following: Inventory cost reported on the balance sheet under the LIFO cost flow...
Our Explanation of Manufacturing Overhead gives you examples of what is included in manufacturing overhead. You will learn that these are indirect product costs and therefore are allocated to the products in order to...
What is NIFO? NIFO is the acronym for next-in, first-out. NIFO is a cost flow assumption, just as FIFO and LIFO are cost flow assumptions. However, NIFO is not acceptable for financial reporting since it calls for a...
A current asset whose ending balance should report the cost of a merchandiser’s products awaiting to be sold. The inventory of a manufacturer should report the cost of its raw materials, work-in-process, and...
Since our Explanation of Cash Flow Statement illustrates how the amounts are determined, you will get a better understanding of this very important financial statement. No longer will you look at only the income...
What is the difference between gross margin and markup? Definition of Gross Margin Gross margin or gross profit is defined as net sales minus the cost of goods sold. However, some people intend for the term gross margin...
What is the difference between periodic and perpetual inventory systems? Periodic Inventory System In a periodic system the account Inventory: Has only the ending balance from the previous accounting year Excludes the...
What is FIFO? Definition of FIFO In accounting, FIFO is the acronym for First-In, First-Out. It is a cost flow assumption usually associated with the valuation of inventory and the cost of goods sold. Under FIFO, the...
units and the partially completed units are expressed in terms of fully completed units. Equivalent units are used in the production cost reports for the producing departments of manufacturers using a process costing...
will report net before income tax of $80,000 ($360,000 – $280,000) and net income after tax of $68,000 ($80,000 – $12,000). As a result of these two differences, the net income (which is the bottom line of the...
Our Explanation of Accounting Basics uses a simple story to introduce important accounting concepts and terminology. It illustrates how transactions will be included in a company's financial statements.
The moving average cost of inventory items under the perpetual inventory system. A new average cost per unit is developed after each purchase of an inventory item. To learn more, see Explanation of Inventory and Cost of...
A difference between an actual cost and a budgeted or standard cost, and the actual cost is the lesser amount. In the case of revenues, a favorable variance occurs when the actual revenues are greater than the budgeted...
year is January 1 through December 31 and the company sells only one type of product. In its beginning inventory are 2 units with a cost of $10 each. The company sells 1 unit on March 1. On April 1, the company...
on hand when more goods should be ordered. 3. The EOQ model determines the quantity to be ordered so as to minimize the total cost of: 1) the cost of __________ and 2) the cost of holding the inventory. 4. When a...
, the business will have a credit card expense of $300. If July’s sales are $30,000 the credit card expense will be $900. The total credit card expense varies with sales because the fee has a constant rate of 3% of...
Isn't all overhead fixed? Not all overhead is fixed. Some manufacturing overhead costs, which are also referred to as indirect factory costs, are variable. A common example of a variable overhead cost is the...
What is depletion? Definition of Depletion In accounting, depletion refers to the expensing of a company’s cost of a natural resource. Ultimately, it means moving a natural resource’s cost from the company’s...
Are LIFO inventory amounts ever written-up to their market value? LIFO inventory amounts will not be written-up, even when the current market value of the inventory is far greater than the amount reported on the balance...
Under accrual accounting, how are worker comp premiums handled? Worker comp insurance premiums should be charged to the areas where the related wages and salaries are charged. Let’s assume that the net cost of worker...
If I want a gross margin of 25%, what percent should I mark up my product? Definition of Gross Margin Gross margin as a percentage is the gross profit divided by the selling price. For example, if a product sells for...
to as the optimum lot size. The formula to calculate the economic order quantity (EOQ) is the square root of [(2 times the annual demand in units times the incremental cost to process an order) divided by (the...
the periodic inventory system there is no entry to credit the Inventory account or to debit the account Cost of Goods Sold. Hence, the Inventory account contains only the ending balance from the previous year. As a...
ledger account that reports the cost of the goods that are on the factory floor. In this current asset account are the cost of the direct materials, direct labor and the allocation of manufacturing overhead for the...
Featured Review
"I am currently managing a family business in Thailand, which mainly concerns the import and export of frozen seafood. I became a PRO user after going through the first few chapters and finding the material to be comprehensive, answering all the questions I had as I read along and even the ones I didn't know I had. I like how detailed the material is, while still being digestible and not too time consuming. The examples later on encourage me to think about each problem as an accountant would based on what I've learnt. Since reading the first 10 chapters, I now already have an easier time making sense of financial statements issued within the company, to the point where I was able to help my accountant make decisions about how we should manage certain situations regarding intricacies of the factory. I wanted to thank AccountingCoach and the team responsible for putting this great content together as it has had a very positive impact on my life and career, and helped me make decisions with more competency and confidence." - Shahzil Y.
Join PRO or PRO Plus and Get Lifetime Access to Our Premium Materials
Read all 2,645 reviews
For the past 52 years, Harold Averkamp (CPA, MBA) has
worked as an accounting supervisor, manager, consultant, university instructor, and innovator in teaching accounting online. He is the sole author of all the materials on AccountingCoach.com.
We now offer 10 Certificates of Achievement for Introductory Accounting and Bookkeeping: